The retraction process follows these formal steps:

1. Investigation: A formal investigation is conducted by the Editorial Board and, if deemed necessary, by external experts or reviewers.
2. Author Notification: Authors are formally notified of the investigation and provided an opportunity to respond to the allegations.
3. Publication of Notice: If retraction is confirmed, a Retraction Notice is published in the journal, clearly stating the reasons for the decision.
4. Archival Status: The original article remains accessible in the journal’s online archive but is prominently watermarked as "RETRACTED."