Adaptive mechatronic mechanism information model

Abstract

Defect-free machining of materials and products with a strictly organized anisotropic structure (polymer composite materials), with an uneven change in physical and mechanical properties throughout the volume (synthegran) or with high strength properties (artificially grown superhard ruby and leucosapphire crystals) is either impossible or not economically feasible on modern CNC technological machines. The reason for this is the lack of information about the power parameter, e.g., the machining force and torque. Therefore, the use of the developed adaptive mechatronic mechanism (AMM) module, which implements parametric stabilization of the power machining parameter in an open-loop control system, was an effective solution to this technological problem. An analysis of the issue state in the field of mechatronic and intelligent machines has shown that to date, mechatronics as a science systematically combines mechanics, electronics, and informatics (computer science). Moreover, the term informatics indirectly reflects another component of mechatronics – automation. In this regard, two main methods of automatic control are considered: by deviation in a closed system with feedback and by disturbance in an open system without feedback on the controlled parameter. Examples of open-loop systems with disturbance control, in which the “disturbance compensation principle” is implemented, are given. This method cannot be replaced in the absence of sensors – sources of information about physical processes in technological machines for various purposes, for example, in machine tool building, biomedicine, nuclear and military technology. As a rule, in all these machines there is a reciprocating movement of the working body (tool). The information model of the AMM module presented in the article reflects its main elements and characteristics, including driving forces (electromagnetic and electrodynamic), a ball-bearing screw mechanism, a fixed (unmovable) stator with a field winding and a movable armature with armature winding. The place of this article in the general system of scientific research on the formulated new scientific direction “Mechatronic and intelligent technological machines” is shown. This article is an introduction to this scientific direction, when automatic regulation “by disturbance” is performed in a mechatronic machine, i.e., the principle of disturbance compensation is fulfilled.